UN인권정보

국가별정례인권검토

유엔인권이사회 3기 UPR 권고(2017년 11월)

2018-01-19조회 429

작성자
관리자
이메일
2기 UPR (2017년-2022년)
대한민국에 대한 유엔인권이사회 UPR실무그룹 검토회의: 2017년 11월 9일(목)
권고내용: UPR실무그룹 보고서(초안), 6항 1-85절, 7항 1-3절, 8항 1-130절
유엔 문서번호: A/HRC/WG.6/28/L.8

[참조] UPR실무그룹 보고서 초안 및 권고내용은 유엔인권이사회 제37차 정기회기(2018년 2월 26일-3월 23일)에서 최종 채택

II. CONCULSIONS AND/OR RECOMMENDATIONS

6. The recommendations formulated during the interactive dialogue listed below have been examined by the Republic of Korea and enjoy the support of the Republic of Korea:

6.1.            Continue cooperation with the ILO on the ratification of the fundamental labour conventions (Uzbekistan);
6.2.            Ratify the four fundamental conventions of the International Labour Organization concerning freedom of association and prohibition of forced or compulsory labour (Spain);
6.3.            Ratify and implement the remaining four ILO core conventions concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise; Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining; Forced Labour; and Abolition of Forced Labour (Sweden);
6.4.            Consider ratifying the four core ILO conventions related to freedom of association, the right to organise trade unions and collective bargaining, and on the prohibition of forced and compulsory labour (Nicaragua);
6.5.            Expedite the review of the relevant domestic laws and administrative practices to facilitate ratification of the four fundamental conventions of the International Labour Organization that the Republic of Korea has not yet ratified (Uganda);
6.6.            Consider amending domestic legislation to pave the way for ROK’s ratification of a number of other key regional and international human rights conventions (Philippines);
6.7.            Continue supporting the work of OHCHR Seoul Office (Japan);
6.8.            Continue contribution of its efforts to the Human Rights Council and its mechanism (Myanmar);
6.9.            Continue its good work of contributing to the UN and its Human Rights mechanisms (Bhutan);
6.10.          Adopt necessary legislation to ensure a fully transparent and participatory process for the selection and appointment of the members of the National Human Rights Commission, guarantee the independence of their members and ensure that it has sufficient resources (Guatemala);
6.11.          Continue the consolidation of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea in accordance with the Paris Principles, paying particular attention to the appointment of the Chairperson of the Commission, in consultation with civil society groups and other relevant stakeholders (Republic of Moldova);
6.12.          Accelerate the progress of the Third National Action Plan for Human Rights, with the full participation of all stakeholders (Indonesia);
6.13.          Consider expedite adoption of a third national human rights action plan as extension of the second, which served 2012-2016 (Ethiopia);
6.14.          Accelerate process for the adoption of the third national action plan on human rights in close cooperation with civil society (Georgia);
6.15.          Continue efforts to promote and protect human rights (Saudi Arabia );
6.16.          Strengthen measures to reform its legal framework to protect human rights in consideration of political, legal and social perception (Myanmar);
6.17.          Take credible steps towards gender mainstreaming and reinforcing the principle of equal pay for equal work (India);
6.18.          Intensify measures aimed at addressing gender equality gaps in the social, economic and political fields (Namibia);
6.19.          Continue to develop measures to ensure non-discrimination against women and promote gender equality (Lao’s People Democratic Republic);
6.20.          Continue with undertaking actions whose objective is to reduce discriminatory behaviour against women (Serbia);
6.21.          Continue to put in place practical measures to implement the revised framework at the national and local levels to achieve gender equality and combat discrimination against women (Singapore);
6.22.          Stop the discriminatory approach that requires only foreign workers in various sectors to mandatorily undergo HIV/AIDS testing, which is not required for Korean nationals (India);
6.23.          Take continuous measures for the protection of the rights of women, children and other marginalized groups (Nepal);
6.24.          Take continuous measures for the protection of the rights of women and other marginalised groups (Zambia);
6.25.          Increase the efforts of creating harmony in fighting unnecessary discrimination between nationals and foreigners living in the Republic of Korea (Ethiopia);
6.26.          Develop a national plan of action to implement the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (Egypt);
6.27.          Make further efforts to prevent sexual and domestic violence as pointed out by the relevant Treaty Bodies (Japan);
6.28.          Continue measures to prevent, investigate and prosecute domestic violence offences and strengthen victim care (Maldives);
6.29.          Continue efforts to eliminate domestic violence (Tunisia);
6.30.          Adopt a comprehensive strategy to prevent gender-based violence and thoroughly investigate and prosecute incidents of domestic violence perpetrated against migrant populations (Sierra Leone);
6.31.          Amend the legislation to ensure that perpetrators of domestic violence are punished, while the state improves the victim support system (Zambia);
6.32.          Continue implementation of its Comprehensive Plan to Prevent Domestic Violence, including through awareness raising (Sri Lanka);
6.33.          Take further steps so as to enact a comprehensive and general legislation for the prevention of gender – based violence (Turkey);
6.34.          Continue efforts to eliminate domestic violence through implementation of its Framework Act on Gender Equality (Azerbaijan);
6.35.          Consider the adoption of a comprehensive strategy to eliminate gender violence, particularly domestic violence and marital rape (Chile);
6.36.          Criminalize marital rape (Honduras);
6.37.          Share its best practices and challenges in reaching out to the most vulnerable mine victims (Sri Lanka);
6.38.          Step up its ongoing efforts in the field of the freedom of expression and assembly (Greece);
6.39.          Adopt legal and practical safeguards to protect freedom of expression and of assembly (Brazil);
6.40.          Guarantee freedom of expression and peaceful association and safeguard the activities of human rights defenders, in particular by promoting effective national policies to protect their initiatives (Italy);
6.41.          Continue to make efforts to follow up on the previous UPR recommendation on peaceful protests (Japan);
6.42.          Continue to redouble efforts to guarantee full enjoyment of the right to freedom of assembly and peaceful association, investigating complaints as to excessive use of force on the part of state security agents against social activists, human rights representatives as well as representatives of the trade unions (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);
6.43.          Ensure prompt and impartial investigations into accusations and complaints of violence, intimidation, harassment and surveillance of human rights defenders (Ecuador);
6.44.          Develop and implement a specific national action plan to support the Government’s efforts in tackling human trafficking and strengthening inter-agency coordination (United Kingdom);
6.45.          Further take measures to combat trafficking in persons , particularly women and children , and sexual exploitation, by ensuring effective enforcement of the Criminal Act and providing victims with necessary assistance and protection throughout the process of investigation and trial ( Thailand);
6.46.          Increase efforts to criminalize human trafficking and take necessary measures for its prevention (Colombia);
6.47.          Establish an effective mechanism to identify victims of trafficking in human beings (Russian Federation);
6.48.          Continue efforts to revise and implement the single parent family support law with a view of introducing measures to ensure that women, in particular single mothers, can have access without fear of discrimination to employment, equal pay and matrimonial rights, as a follow up to recommendations nos. 124.28, 124.29, 124.36 and 124. 47 (Haiti);
6.49.          Improve the enforcement of the Single-Parent Family Support Act (Norway);
6.50.          Make further efforts to increase access of young people and women to the labour market (Qatar);
6.51.          Continue guaranteeing labour rights (Peru);
6.52.          Continue efforts to close gaps that still exist in the working conditions of non-regular as opposed to regular workers (Israel);
6.53.          Intensify efforts to eradicate differences between employees with permanent contracts and those who do not have permanent employment (Belarus);
6.54.          Continue with its efforts to improve the welfare services support and social integration of persons with mental illness (Serbia);
6.55.          Continue to review and refine the relevant legislations, policies and programmes to accord the elderly with more protection, services and opportunities to allow them to age with dignity and continue contributing to society where they can (Singapore);
6.56.          Continue efforts to improve the living conditions of elderly persons (Viet Nam);
6.57.          Take necessary measures to combat poverty amongst the elderly (Algeria);
6.58.          In response to the growing needs of older persons, consider developing a master plan that would bring under its wing the various initiatives designed to protect the rights of older persons (Israel);
6.59.          Strengthen the social protection system and step up protection of the rights of the elderly (China);
6.60.          Continue with its ongoing impressive efforts to ensure that the bottom 70% of the elderly aged over 65 are provided with basic income, as set out by its basic pension scheme (Brunei Darussalam);
6.61.          Continue setting good practices like pension schemes for the elderly and the disabled (Bhutan);
6.62.          Review the benefits of the basic pension scheme for older persons with the view of ensuring that older persons have enough to cover their living costs, in full consultation with their representatives (Haiti);
6.63.          Implement measures to facilitate access to health care and education particularly for the most vulnerable population (Angola);
6.64.          Follow through the Government’s plans to expand compulsory education to high school (Brunei Darussalam);
6.65.          Promote the human rights education and awareness-raising (Armenia);
6.66.          Make greater efforts to implement national measures to ensure the reconciliation of work and family responsibilities in order to improve women's participation in the labor market (State of Palestine);
6.67.          Undertake further steps to encourage a higher proportion of women in managerial positions in the public institutions and the private business (Bulgaria);
6.68.          Redouble efforts to increase the representation of women in decision-making positions and reduce the wage inequality gap between men and women (Colombia);
6.69.          Intensify its efforts to eliminate gender wage gap and promote women representation in political and economic affairs (Sudan);
6.70.          Continue efforts to promote equality between women and men, by encouraging a balanced representation in decision-making positions, equality in the labour market and in entrepreneurship, including equal pay, among other aspects (Nicaragua);
6.71.          Take effective measures to raise women’s status, combat violence against women and eliminate discrimination against women (China);
6.72.          Ensure that foreign women who become victims of domestic violence, sexual abuse, trafficking in human beings and other forms of violence be guaranteed access to justice (Russian Federation);
6.73.          Pursue efforts to strengthen and to protect the rights of the child, and to integrate education of the rights of the child into the school curriculum (Qatar);
6.74.          Take legal measures to provide appropriate facilities and support for children, particularly children with disabilities (Timor-Leste);
6.75.          Prohibit by law and in practice corporal punishment of children in all settings, including in orphanages and child welfare centers (Ecuador);
6.76.          Strengthen the institutional and legal framework to combat violence against children, in particular sexual violence (Algeria);
6.77.          Pursue efforts to improve chances for persons with disabilities to have access to health care (Libya);
6.78.          Continue its efforts to extend welfare services and assistance to all persons with disabilities (Bulgaria);
6.79.          Protect people with disabilities, interned in psychiatric hospitals, against acts of violence, abuse and ill-treatment, through the establishment of independent monitoring mechanisms (Ecuador);
6.80.          Abolish forced treatment and protect persons with disabilities in psychiatric hospitals from violence, abuse and ill-treatment (Timor-Leste);
6.81.          Continue strengthening national laws and regulations in the view to avoiding violence and discrimination against migrant workers and raising awareness on the existence of cultural diversity (Indonesia);
6.82.          Provide effective protection to migrant workers and address the issue of the exploitation of migrant workers (China);
6.83.          Take measures to improve the working conditions of migrant workers (France);
6.84.          Enhance measures to promote and protect the rights of migrant workers, and ensure fairer and safer working conditions as well as stricter labour law enforcement and punishment for employers who violate the law (Thailand);
6.85.          Continue efforts on encouraging cultural exchanges between the residents and migrants (Lao’s People Democratic Republic).

7. The recommendations formulated during the interactive dialogue listed below have been examined by the Republic of Korea and have been noted by the Republic of Korea:
7.1.            Ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Sierra Leone) (Guatemala) (Honduras) (Kyrgyzstan);
7.2.            Ratify the UNESCO Convention on combating discrimination in the education sector (Congo);
7.3.            Immediately release the 12 women citizens of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea who were abducted during the former regime and Mrs. Kym Ryon Hui who has been appealing for her return to her family and bring those responsible for the abduction to justice (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea).

8. The following recommendations will be examined by the Republic of Korea which will provide responses in due time, but no later than the thirty-seventh session of the Human Rights Council in March 2018:
8.1.            Accede to the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (Iraq);
8.2.            Consider ratifying the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (Tunisia);
8.3.            Ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (Uruguay) (Costa Rica) (Switzerland) (Montenegro) (Kazakhstan) (Sierra Leone);
8.4.            Ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (Costa Rica) (Angola) (Sweden) (Germany);
8.5.            Consider ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Mongolia);
8.6.            Accelerate the process of ratification of the Optional Protocol to the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (Togo);
8.7.            Ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Benin);
8.8.            Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, in order to establish a national preventive mechanism (Chile);
8.9.            Speed up ongoing processes leading up to the ratification of the OP-CAT (Ghana);
8.10.          Consider acceding to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Tunisia);
8.11.          Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Kazakhstan) (Turkey) (Denmark) (Guatemala) (Portugal) (Uruguay);
8.12.          Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Togo) (Guatemala) (Ghana);
8.13.          Consider ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Indonesia) (Senegal) (Philippines);
8.14.          Consider acceding to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Peru) (Sudan);
8.15.          Continue studying the issue of the accession to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers (Belarus);
8.16.          Ratify the Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity (Armenia);
8.17.          Ratify the Kampala amendments to the Rome Statute on the crime of aggression (Liechtenstein);
8.18.          Sign the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (Guatemala);
8.19.          Adopt the reforms and legislative measures indicated to be able to ratify the remaining conventions and protocols (Côte d'Ivoire);
8.20.          Consider withdrawing its reservation to article 22 of the ICCPR (Albania);
8.21.          Carry out a constructive and a cooperative engagement with the Committee on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities in particular with regard to the persons with psychological disabilities (Islamic Republic of Iran);
8.22.          Adopt an open, merit based selection process when selecting national candidates for UN Treaty Body Elections (United Kingdom);
8.23.          Strengthen the mandate of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea to conduct visits and investigations to places of detention so as to effectively function as a national torture preventive mechanism and consequently to consider acceding to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Republic of Moldova);
8.24.          Facilitate procedures for the establishment of new parties (Iraq);
8.25.          Abolish the anti-human rights “National Security Law” and other laws which are in contravention of international human rights standards as well as the provocative “North Korean Human Rights Act” (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea);
8.26.          Approve general legislation to combat discrimination, which expressly covers all spheres of life and prohibits discrimination on any ground, particular on grounds of race, sexual orientation and gender identity (Honduras);
8.27.          Adopt without delay a comprehensive Anti-discrimination Act that prohibits all forms of discrimination, including race, gender, sexual orientation and gender identity (Slovenia);
8.28.          Formulate a comprehensive anti-discrimination act that prohibits all forms of discrimination, including those based on race, gender, nationality, etc. (Bangladesh);
8.29.          Adopt a comprehensive anti-discrimination law that addresses all grounds of discrimination (Spain);
8.30.          Endeavour to introduce a law, prohibiting violence and discrimination and combat xenophobic discourse and all forms of racial discrimination (Egypt);
8.31.          Continue the process necessary for the adoption of the comprehensive anti-discrimination law (Georgia);
8.32.          Adopt complete legislation against discrimination dealing with all parts of life explicitly and prohibiting discrimination on all grounds, notably based on race, sexual orientation and gender identity (Albania);
8.33.          Approve general legislation to combat discrimination, which expressly covers all spheres of life, and defines and prohibits discrimination on any ground, taking measures against all expressions and manifestations of prejudices such as hate speech, racism and xenophobia (Nicaragua);
8.34.          Adopt a comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation, which explicitly addresses all spheres of life and prohibits discrimination on any grounds (Turkey);
8.35.          Continue to apply its strategies and plans, work towards the adoption of comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation, and include penalties appropriate for the seriousness of the offense (State of Palestine);
8.36.          Adopt general legislation to combat discrimination on any ground, particularly on the grounds of race, sexual orientation or gender identity, and strengthen the mechanisms to eliminate xenophobic speech against migrants and multi-cultural families (Colombia);
8.37.          Enact comprehensive anti-discrimination laws, especially on the basis of race, gender and HIV/AIDS status (Botswana);
8.38.          Adopt a comprehensive anti-discrimination law, including protection for LGBTI persons (Australia);
8.39.          Adopt a comprehensive Anti-Discrimination Act to protect the human rights of LGBTI individuals and other marginalized groups (Norway);
8.40.          Adopt a comprehensive anti-discrimination act prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender, religion, belief, and race (Denmark 2);
8.41.          Enact general laws to combat discrimination, particularly against migrants and ethnic and religious minorities (Mexico);
8.42.          Adopt a comprehensive anti-discrimination law that will protect the rights of all migrants (Uganda);
8.43.          Continue and step up its government’s laudable efforts towards implementation of anti-discrimination laws, in order to fight all kinds of intolerance and inequality, especially on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity (Brazil);
8.44.          Adopt a general antidiscrimination law, which includes prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation, to ensure the protection of the rights of LGBTI persons, repeal the provision of the Military Penal Code, which prohibits and punishes same-sex consensual sexual relations in the army, increase public awareness on the need to respect gender identity and sexual orientation of every individual (France);
8.45.          Establish a timeline to present anti-discrimination legislation to the National Assembly, and repeal Article 92 (6) of the Military Criminal Act to end restrictions on consensual same sex relations (Ireland);
8.46.          Continue efforts aimed at strengthening the fight against racism, racial discrimination and xenophobia (Senegal);
8.47.          Strengthen measures to combat and prevent racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance (Rwanda);
8.48.          Declare racial discrimination as a criminal offense (Namibia);
8.49.          Continue to strengthen mechanisms to prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination and xenophobic speech against foreigners, migrants and multicultural families (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);
8.50.          Take effective measures to prevent and counter racist and xenophobic discourse against non-citizens (Kazakhstan);
8.51.          Strengthen mechanisms for preventing and eliminating xenophobic discourse in all spheres of life (Turkey);
8.52.          Pursue efforts to combat racial discrimination, xenophobia through education and information awareness campaigns in the context of the Law on Foreigners (Libya);
8.53.          End the practice of publishing in the media and on the Internet materials inciting racial and ethnic intolerance (Russian Federation);
8.54.          Take additional concrete measures to combat xenophobia, hate speech and discrimination against foreigners, migrants and multicultural families (Kyrgyzstan);
8.55.          Implement policies and measures which comprehensively address hate speech through legislative and institutional frameworks (Sierra Leone);
8.56.          Amend the relevant laws in order to identify racial discrimination as a criminal offence (Kyrgyzstan);
8.57.          Follow up on the recommendation made in 2012, strengthening its legislation, investigating and punishing effectively the discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, expressed through hate speeches and  acts of violence (Argentina);
8.58.          Take further action to end discrimination based on gender or sexual orientation in all fields, including in the military (United Kingdom);
8.59.          Step up efforts to end discrimination based on sexual orientation and sexual identity, including through relevant legislation (Israel);
8.60.          Include a specific prohibition on discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the Anti-discrimination Law (Sweden);
8.61.          Continue to work to eliminate all forms of stigmatization or discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity (Chile);
8.62.          Strengthen efforts to combat all forms of discrimination, including against LGBTI persons, by adopting a comprehensive law and running national awareness campaigns (Italy);
8.63.          Strengthen legal framework to protect people belonging to the LGBTI community, avoiding practices, known as conversion therapies in state premises (Uruguay);
8.64.          Adopt comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation to provide protections for and to promote the rights of LGBTI persons (United States of America);
8.65.          Protect the rights of LGBTI persons through the adoption of a comprehensive anti-discrimination law that prohibits all forms of discrimination, including based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and abolish Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act, which criminalizes consensual same-sex relations  (Canada);
8.66.          Repeal article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Code which criminalizes consensual sexual relations between people of the same sex in the army (Costa Rica);
8.67.          Abolish Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act, which views consensual same-sex intimacy in the armed forces as a criminal offense, in order to comply with international human rights standards (Netherlands);
8.68.          Repeal article 92(6) of the Military Criminal Act prohibiting and punishing consensual sexual activity between people of the same sex in the military (Denmark);
8.69.          Adopt a human rights based approach to development policies and programmes that ensure the effective participation of all communities affected by development projects (Yemen);
8.70.          Abolish the death penalty (Honduras);
8.71.          Move on to de jure abolition of the death penalty (Norway);
8.72.          Consider taking steps with a view to abolishing death penalty (Italy);
8.73.          Consider the legal abolition of death penalty (Timor-Leste);
8.74.          Consider possibilities of the abolition of the death penalty in law (Uzbekistan);
8.75.          Give due consideration to the legal abolition of the death penalty as well as to the commutation of all death sentences to terms of imprisonment (Liechtenstein);
8.76.          Take measures to introduce a formal moratorium on executions and take concrete steps toward the abolition of the death penalty (Rwanda);
8.77.          Fully abolish the death penalty, which has been under a de facto moratorium for 20 years (Canada);
8.78.          Abolish the death penalty and commute existing death penalties sentences to prison sentences (Colombia);
8.79.          Abolish the death penalty and commute to prison terms the death sentences already pronounced (Panama);
8.80.          Commute without delay all death sentences to terms of imprisonment and work towards ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (Slovenia);
8.81.          Commute all death sentences and take concrete measures to abolish the death penalty (Switzerland);
8.82.          Make progress in the abolition of the death penalty through ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, recognizing the existing moratorium (Mexico);
8.83.          Fully abolish death penalty in the law and ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Portugal);
8.84.          Abolish the death penalty and ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Australia);
8.85.          Take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty and raise awareness on the fact that the death penalty is not a useful instrument to fight crime (France);
8.86.          Approve a legislative initiative that proscribes the death penalty and ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Spain);
8.87.          Commute all remaining death sentences into life imprisonment and consider ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (Montenegro);
8.88.          Legally abolish the death sentence and ratify the relevant protocol (Namibia);
8.89.          Issue an Executive Order to make the moratorium on the application of the death penalty official, and that the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights be ratified as early as possible (Ireland);
8.90.          Release all political prisoners and pro-reunification figures who have been unjustly detained by arbitrary application of “National Security Law” (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea);
8.91.          Revise the legislation to ensure acts of torture are criminalised and punishable by penalties commensurate with the gravity of the crime (Zambia);
8.92.          Undertake legislative measures to criminalize marital rape (Panama);
8.93.          Take measures to end the practice of impunity for human rights crimes committed by GIs stationed in the country (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea);
8.94.          Decriminalize conscientious objectors, introduce a genuinely civilian alternative to military service and release those imprisoned for refusing to perform military service (Germany);
8.95.          Recognize conscientious objection to military service, and allow conscientious objectors the option to perform an appropriate alternative service of a genuinely civilian character and of a length comparable to that of military service (Canada);
8.96.          Introduce alternatives to military service to protect conscientious objectors (United States of America);
8.97.          Introduce an alternative non-punitive service of genuine civilian character, under civilian control and of a length comparable to military service (Australia);
8.98.          Provide for conscientious objectors various forms of alternative service which are compatible with the reasons for conscientious objection, of a non-combatant or civilian character, in the public interest and not of a punitive nature (Croatia);
8.99.          Adopt legislation to ensure that alternative services offered to conscientious objectors are of a civilian nature, placed under  civilian authorities’ control, and devoid of any punitive dimension; examine the situation of  individuals who are currently imprisoned for refusing to submit to compulsory military training, with a view to offering them an alternative civilian service (France);
8.100.        Set up an alternative service for conscientious objectors to the compulsory military service in order to guarantee their right to freedom of expression (Mexico);
8.101.        Establish an alternative service under civilian control for conscientious objectors, in conformity with the international human rights obligations of the Republic of Korea (Switzerland);
8.102.        Make further progress in changing the regime which criminalizes the exercise of the right to conscientious objection in relation to obligatory military service (Argentina);
8.103.        Introduce alternatives to the military service for conscientious objectors, abolish prison sentences and release all persons  who have been incarcerated for having refused the military service in the absence of a civilian alternative (Panama);
8.104.        Ensure the legal recognition of conscientious objection to military service (Portugal);
8.105.        Release individuals imprisoned or detained solely on the basis of their conscientious objection to military service and to consider expunging the corresponding charges from their criminal records (Croatia);
8.106.        Consider releasing those people imprisoned or detained because of their conscientious objection to military service, and consider removing the corresponding charges from their criminal record (Costa Rica);
8.107.        Guarantee that defamation is punishable only through civil law and that the compensation awarded is proportionate to the damage caused (Guatemala);
8.108.        Replace criminal defamation and libel laws with civil ones, and reform national security laws to provide greater protections for free expression (United States of America);
8.109.        Amend the National Security Law, in particular its Article 7, to ensure that it is not used arbitrarily or to harass and restrict the rights to freedom of expression, opinion and association, and release all individuals unjustly charged and sentenced to prison terms solely for the legitimate exercise of their rights to freedom of expression and association (Germany);
8.110.        Review Article 7 of the National Security Act, which restricts freedom of expression (Iraq);
8.111.        Review the National Security Act to ensure that it fully respects human rights, including the rights to freedom of speech, association and peaceful manifestation (Portugal);
8.112.        Develop a national plan to combat trafficking in human beings with a view to strengthening the mechanism for the identification of victims of trafficking and to ensure their rights are protected (Belarus);
8.113.        Establish a gender quota system to increase women representation in the National Assembly (Costa Rica);
8.114.        Respect reproductive rights of women which include decriminalization of abortions (India);
8.115.        Remove all penalties for women who seek abortion, and for doctors and other medical personnel involved in providing these services (Netherlands);
8.116.        Investigate into cases of forced sterilisation of women with disabilities (Russian Federation);
8.117.        Urgently eliminate the practice of forced sterilisation of women with disabilities (Albania);
8.118.        Establish a universal birth registration system that includes children of the refugees and asylum seekers (Islamic Republic of Iran);
8.119.        Establish a universal birth registration system to ensure that all children have access to birth registration immediately after birth, regardless of the status of their parents (Kyrgyzstan);
8.120.        Adopt a universal system for birth registration, which includes children of refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons (Peru);
8.121.        Further improve the birth registration system as to ensure universal birth registration to all children born in the territory of the Republic of Korea, regardless of the status of the parents (Turkey);
8.122.        Consider establishing a system which guarantees all children, regardless of the parents’ nationality and status, the right to birth registration (Kazakhstan);
8.123.        Establish a comprehensive national birth registration system for foreign nationals to ensure the births of their children are registered (Sierra Leone);
8.124.        Establish a national birth registration system to register all births in Korea irrespective of the nationality of parents (Botswana);
8.125.      Ratify ICRMW to guarantee their protection against all human rights violations (Egypt);
8.126.        Ensure that migrant workers and their families and in particular children have access to sufficient means of subsistence, to housing, to healthcare and to education (Congo);
8.127.        Adopt further measures to promote working condition of migrant workers, especially women migrant workers and to improve their integration in the Korean society (Viet Nam);
8.128.        Amend the current Employment Permit System Act to ensure that an application for a visa extension or a renewal is not restricted or refused to migrant workers who have changed jobs (Bangladesh);
8.129.        Make its best efforts to ensure that the migrant workers and their families, in particular their children, enjoy an adequate livelihood, housing, health care and education (Islamic Republic of Iran);
8.130.        Completely stop deportation of undocumented migrant children enrolled in schools and their detention after deportation orders (Bangladesh).

9. All conclusions and/or recommendations contained in the present report reflect the position of the submitting State(s) and/or the State under review. They should not be construed as endorsed by the Working Group as a whole.