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Status and (human rights) obligations of non-recognized de facto regimes in international law :
Schoiswohl, Michael
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| 자료유형 | 단행본 |
|---|---|
| 개인저자 | Schoiswohl, Michael. |
| 서명/저자사항 | Status and (human rights) obligations of non-recognized de facto regimes in international law :the case of 'Somaliland' : the resurrection of Somaliland against all international 'odds' : state collapse, secession, non-recognition, and human rights:Michael Schoiswohl. |
| 발행사항 | Leiden;Boston :M Nijhoff,2004. |
| 형태사항 | xv, 351p :maps ;25cm. |
| ISBN | 900413655X (hbk.) |
| 서지주기 | Includes bibliographical references (p. [313]-334) and index. |
| 내용주기 | Preface vii -- Acknowledgments ix -- Table of Contents xi -- Part I State Recognition and Secession 1 -- I. Preliminary Remarks 3 -- II. Introduction 4 -- III. Meaning of Recognition 6 -- IV. Recognition of States 8 -- V. The Criteria for Statehood 11 -- VI. The Loss of Statehood and 'Effectiveness'--State Continuity, State Collapse and Extinction of States 22 -- 1. Preliminary Remarks 22 -- 2. Statehood and 'Effectiveness'--State Continuity 23 -- 3. Failed States--State Collapse 25 -- 4. Extinction of States 29 -- 5. Conclusion 30 -- VII. Statehood and Recognition--Constitutive or Declaratory 32 -- VIII. The 'Synthesis' of Fact and Law--'Evidentiary' and 'Semi-Constitutive' Function of Recognition 39 -- IX. Secession and Recognition 46 -- 1) Preliminary Remarks 46 -- 2) Secession in General and in the Context of State Collapse 48 -- 3) The Interplay between Secession, Presumption of Continuity and Recognition 51 -- 4) Concluding Remarks 59 -- X. Self-Determination and Recognition 59 -- 1) Preliminary Remarks 59 -- 2) The 'Right' to Self-Determination--An Overview 61 -- 3) Self-Determination, Recognition and the 'Thresholds of Effectiveness' 77 -- XI. Conclusion 79 -- 1) Preliminary Remarks 79 -- 2) Variants of Non-Recognition 80 -- 3) Non-Recognition and Secession--A Summary 83 -- 4) A Word to State Practice and Methodology 84 -- 5) Policy and Philosophy 87 -- Part II The Statehood of Somalialand 95 -- I. Somalia and Somalialand 97 -- 1) History of Somalia 97 -- i. Colonization 97 -- ii. Independence 100 -- iii. Dictatorship 101 -- iv. The Somali Civil War 104 -- 2) History of Somaliland and its 'Independences' 111 -- i. Colonial History 111 -- ii. Somaliland's Independence in 1960 112 -- iii. The Somaliland Population after the Civil War in Somalia 115 -- iv. The Declaration of Independence in 1991 116 -- v. The Civil War in Somaliland 120 -- 3) Somalia Today 123 -- 4) Somalia--A Failed, Collapsed, or Presumed State? 131 -- 5) Somaliland Today 133 -- i. The Situation within Somaliland 133 -- ii. Somaliland's Position in relation to Somalia 138 -- II. Independence of Somaliland--Secession vs. Dissolution (of Somalia) 140 -- 1) Preliminary Remarks 140 -- 2) Possible General (non-Legal) Justifications 141 -- i. Socio-historical--A Greater Somalia vs. Somaliland: the 'Myth' of a Somali Nation-State 141 -- ii. Economical 145 -- iii. Ethnical 146 -- iv. Political 147 -- v. International 149 -- 3) Legal 'Justifications' for Secession 150 -- i. Introduction 150 -- ii. Historic Title--The 1960 Act of the Union and Restoration of Statehood 152 -- iii. Self-Determination 157 -- A. Introduction 157 -- B. Denied Decolonization--The Analogy to the Eritrean Case 158 -- C. 'Contemporary' Self-Determination 160 -- iv. Human Rights Violations 162 -- v. Conclusion 164 -- III. Non-Recognition of Somaliland 165 -- 1) Somaliland--Fulfilling the Criteria of Statehood? 165 -- 2) A Decade of Unrecognized Independence 168 -- 3) Reasons for Non-Recognition? 171 -- i. Historical 172 -- ii. Regional 173 -- iii. International 177 -- IV. Is Somaliland a State? 181 -- 1) Applying the Law of Recognition: Presumptions and Effectiveness 181 -- 2) Impact of Non-Recognition 184 -- i. Internal 184 -- ii. External/International 185 -- V. Conclusion 186 -- Part III Human Rights Obligations of Non-Recognized Entities--The Case of Somaliland 191 -- I. Preliminary Remarks 193 -- II. Introduction 194 -- III. Subjects of International Law 198 -- 1) Subjects of International Law--General 198 -- 2) Insurgents and Belligerents 202 -- 3) De Facto Regimes 206 -- 4) Conclusion 214 -- IV. Non-Recognized Entities and 'Human Rights' Obligations 214 -- 1) Preliminary Remarks 215 -- 2) Statehood despite Non-Recognition: Customary Obligations 216 -- 3) Obligations of De Facto Regimes Below the Threshold of Statehood 219 -- i. General 219 -- ii. De Facto Regimes and Human Rights Agreements 221 -- A. El Salvador 228 -- B. Guatemala 231 -- C. Other Cases 233 -- D. Conclusion 235 -- iii. 'Self-imposed' Human Rights Obligations 238 -- iv. Minimum 'Standards of Humanity' Regarding De Facto Regimes 239 -- A. Minimum Obligations under International Humanitarian Law 239 -- B. Declarations of Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Codes of Conduct 250 -- C. Genocide, Crimes against Humanity and Torture 252 -- v. Obligations of De Facto Regimes 255 -- A. General 255 -- B. Obligations of De Facto Regimes with Respect to 'Third' States 256 C. Responsibility of De Facto Regimes for 'Internal' Human Rights 261 -- D. 'Knock, Knock'--Is There Any Law? 265 -- E. 'Indirect' Human Rights Obligations 269 -- a) General 269 -- b) Validity of Legal Acts of Non-Recognized Entities 270 -- c) 'Devolution' of and 'Succession' to Human Rights 'Obligations' (Limitations) 275 -- d) Limited International Personality and Human Rights Obligations: The 'Functional' Approach 279 -- e) Concluding Remarks 284 -- vi. Human Rights--The Rights of People 286 -- V. Excursus: Human Rights Obligations of a 'Parent' State with Respect to Non-Recognized Entities, Particularly in the Context of a Collapsed State 287 -- 1) Collapsed States and Human Rights Obligations under International Law 287 -- 2) Responsibility of Collapsed States for De Facto Regimes 288 -- VI. Conclusion 293 -- 1) General 293 -- 2) Application of Different Layers to Somaliland 295 -- 3) Policy Issues and Prospect 298 -- Part IV Summary Conclusions 303 -- Part V Abbreviations, Resources and Annexes 309 -- I. Abbreviations 309 -- II. Index of Authorities 313 -- 1) Treaties 313 -- 2) Peace Agreements 314 -- 3) UN Documents and Other Instruments 315 -- 4) International Cases, Arbitral Awards and Advisory Opinions 317 -- 5) Domestic Cases and Administrative Decisions 319 -- 6) Treaties, Digests and Books 320 -- 7) Journals and Yearbooks 325 -- 8) News Reports 330 -- 9) Miscellaneous 331 -- Annex I Map of Somalia 335 -- Annex II Map of Somalialand 337 -- Annex III Historical Map of Colonial Borders in Africa 339 -- Index 341 |
| 일반주제명 | Recognition (International law) De facto doctrine Human rights |
| 주제명(지명) | SomaliaInternational status. |
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