CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION 9
1. The need for and objectives of the research = 9
2. Comments on/ evaluation of earlier research studies = 10
1) Information from testimonies of North Korean defectors in PPC = 11
2) Survey Reports with Analysis of PPC = 16
3) Studies on PPC = 19
3. Contents and Scope of Survey = 23
1) Survey of Political Prisoners¡¯ Camps (PPC) = 23
4. Method of survey = 30
1) Analysis of documents = 30
2) Questionnaire for defectors = 31
3) In-depth interviews with North Korean defectors = 34
4) Consultations and workshops = 34
II. Survey of Political Prisoners¡¯ Camps (PPC) = 35
1. Concept of PPC and Analysis of Witness Testimonies = 35
1) Survey Concepts and Current Condition within PPC = 35
2) Analysis of Witnesses to Realities within PPC = 41
2. Location, Imprisonment and Process of Release = 43
1) Location and Size of PPC = 43
2) Number of Prisoners and the Process of Closure and Consolidation = 53
3) Process and Circumstance of Arrest = 58
4) Criminal Charges Brought against Prisoners = 61
5) The Process of Investigation, Trial and Mode of Transport before Detention = 64
6) The Process of Admission to a PCC = 70
7) Process of Release and Defection = 73
8) Period of Detention and the Possibility of Release = 78
3. The Internal Control System of PPC = 78
1) Operational Responsibility and Security System = 78
2) Internal Control System, Control of Prisoners and Method of Control = 83
3) The Supervisor; Rules and Regulations for Prisoners = 89
4) The System of Prisoner Punishment and Related Facilities = 92
5) Operational Reality and Functions of the Work Unit = 100
6) Production Facilities, the Work Site, and Treatment of Products = 103
7) Most Recent Trends and Changes in the Operation of the PPC = 114
4. The Reality of Human Rights of Prisoners in PPC = 116
1) Availability of Clothing, Food, Shelter and the Essential Items of Life = 116
2) Realities of Family Life (including Marriage, Pregnancy and Rearing a child) = 133
3) The Realities of Public Health, Medical Service and Diseases = 140
4) Realities of Forced Labor by Prisoners = 148
5) Education of Prisoners¡¯ Children = 161
6) Public and Secret Executions = 172
7) Realities of Torture and Violence = 180
8) Realities of Sexual Abuse on Women Prisoners = 184
9) Realities of Treatment of Aged Prisoners = 186
5. Knowledge of Ordinary Residents and Reality of Forced Disappearance = 188
1) Knowledge of Ordinary Residents = 188
2) Realities and the Present Situations of Disappearance = 197
III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS = 203
ANNEX : <Testimonies on the PPC > = 212
<Testimonies on Political Prisoners And Cases of Disappearance> = 275
I. INTRODUCTION 9
1. The need for and objectives of the research = 9
2. Comments on/ evaluation of earlier research studies = 10
1) Information from testimonies of North Korean defectors in PPC = 11
2) Survey Reports with Analysis of PPC = 16
3) Studies on PPC = 19
3. Contents and Scope of Survey = 23
1) Survey of Political Prisoners¡¯ Camps (PPC) = 23
4. Method of survey = 30
1) Analysis of documents = 30
2) Questionnaire for defectors = 31
3) In-depth interviews with North Korean defectors = 34
4) Consultations and workshops = 34
II. Survey of Political Prisoners¡¯ Camps (PPC) = 35
1. Concept of PPC and Analysis of Witness Testimonies = 35
1) Survey Concepts and Current Condition within PPC = 35
2) Analysis of Witnesses to Realities within PPC = 41
2. Location, Imprisonment and Process of Release = 43
1) Location and Size of PPC = 43
2) Number of Prisoners and the Process of Closure and Consolidation = 53
3) Process and Circumstance of Arrest = 58
4) Criminal Charges Brought against Prisoners = 61
5) The Process of Investigation, Trial and Mode of Transport before Detention = 64
6) The Process of Admission to a PCC = 70
7) Process of Release and Defection = 73
8) Period of Detention and the Possibility of Release = 78
3. The Internal Control System of PPC = 78
1) Operational Responsibility and Security System = 78
2) Internal Control System, Control of Prisoners and Method of Control = 83
3) The Supervisor; Rules and Regulations for Prisoners = 89
4) The System of Prisoner Punishment and Related Facilities = 92
5) Operational Reality and Functions of the Work Unit = 100
6) Production Facilities, the Work Site, and Treatment of Products = 103
7) Most Recent Trends and Changes in the Operation of the PPC = 114
4. The Reality of Human Rights of Prisoners in PPC = 116
1) Availability of Clothing, Food, Shelter and the Essential Items of Life = 116
2) Realities of Family Life (including Marriage, Pregnancy and Rearing a child) = 133
3) The Realities of Public Health, Medical Service and Diseases = 140
4) Realities of Forced Labor by Prisoners = 148
5) Education of Prisoners¡¯ Children = 161
6) Public and Secret Executions = 172
7) Realities of Torture and Violence = 180
8) Realities of Sexual Abuse on Women Prisoners = 184
9) Realities of Treatment of Aged Prisoners = 186
5. Knowledge of Ordinary Residents and Reality of Forced Disappearance = 188
1) Knowledge of Ordinary Residents = 188
2) Realities and the Present Situations of Disappearance = 197
III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS = 203
ANNEX : <Testimonies on the PPC > = 212
<Testimonies on Political Prisoners And Cases of Disappearance> = 275