Chapter 1=1
The Concept of Human Rights
From Morality to Law:The Abolition of Slavery
1.The Concept of Human Rights=2
2.The Movement to Abolish Slavery and the Slave Trade=3
3.The Philosophica Underpinnings of Human Rights=31
4.A Brief History of Human Rights in International Law and Institutions
John P.Humphrey, The International Law of Human Rights in the Middle Twentieth Century=46
5.Final Comments and Questions=53
Chapter 2=55
Guaranteeing Human Rights by Treaty Is there a right to a safe and healthy environment?
1.The State of the Global Environment and Human Well-Being=27
2.The Protection of Human Rights Through Treatties=62
3.Are Human Rights Treaties Different from Other International Legal Norms?=105
4. Final Comments and Questions=132
Chapter 3=135
The Development of Human Rights Norms Through Non-binding Instruments
1.Introduction :The Role of "Soft Law' in Human Rights Law Making=136
2.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights=143
3.The Emergence of New Human Rights Norms:The Rights of Indigenous Peoples
and Maya Land Claims in Southern Belize=164
4.Norm Building in Related Areas=183
5.The Model or "Soft Law'Approach in the Criminal Justice Area=199
5.Final Comments and Questions=206
Chapter 4=209
Human Rights in Extremis How Can Human Rights Be Protected in Civil Strife and Armed Conflict?
1.A Mote in the Eye of Freedom:Interrogation at Abu Ghraib Prison, Iraq=211
2.Human Rights in Civil Strife and States of Emergency=216
3.The Traditional Law of War:International Armed Conflict=230
4.Expanding Traditional Protections:Internal Armed Conflicts=247
5.Where Does Responsibility Lie for Violations of theh Law of War?=254
6.Modern Warfare:Distinguishing Combatants from Civilians=261
7.The "War on Terror":Emergency, Armed Conflict, or Business as Usual?=267
8.Final Comments and Questions=319
Chapter 5=323
Who is Obligated to Promote and Protect Human Rights? Oil Exploration and Exploitation in the Niger River Delta
1.The Porblem:Oil Ezploration and Exploitation in Nigeria=325
2.The Obligations of States=326
3.Corporate Responsibility=373
4.Do International Organizations Have Human Rights Obligations=396
5.The Responsibility of Individuals for Human Rights Violations=430
6.Final Comments and Questions=438
Chapter 6=439
Domestic Enforcement Mechanisms Are States Courts Bound to Apply International Human Rights Norms?
1.Introduction:The Relationship Between International and Domestic Legal Systems=440
2.U.S Courts and the Right of Juvenile Offenders Not to be Executed=442
3.The Justiciability of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights=501
4.Final Comments and Questions=532
Chapter 7=533
UN Mechanisms for Addressing Violations of Human Right What Petition and Other Procedures are Available for Implementing Human Rights Standards?
1.Introduction=534
2.The Situation in Greece:An Early Test Case=536
3.Analyzing the Procedures and Problems of Resolution 1503=546
4.Other UN Mechanisms for Investigating Alleged Human Rights Abuses=562
5.Monitoring the Implementation of UN Human Rights Treaties=583
6.Final Comments and Questions=615
Chapter 8=617
The European System for the Protection of Human Rights Can Regional Systems to Protect Human Rights Be More Effective than UN Mechanisms?
1.Universal and Regional Norms=619
2.The Council of Europe and the European Convention on Hyman Rights=621
3.Other Human Rights Activities of the Council of Europe,European Union, and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe=706
4.Final Comments and Question=715
Chapter 9=717
Human Rights in the Americas Responding to Disappearances in Argentina
1.Human Rihgts in Argentian=718
2.Evolution of the Human Rights System in the Americas=720
3.Armed Intervention=828
4.The International Response to Darfur=867
5.Final Comments and Questions=877
Chapter 11=881
International Criminal Law
Can We Deter Human Rights Violations by Using the Criminal Justice Process?
1. Introduction=882
2.The 1973 Coup in Chile and Its Aftermath=883
3.Efforts to Bring the International Criminal Justice Porcess to Bear upon Human Rights Violators=887
4.The International Criminal Court\912
5.Universal Jurisdiction=940
6.The "Piecemeal"Convention Approach Coupled with Domestic Enforcement=959
7.The Exercise of National Jurisdiction under Domestice Law:Amnesties and Prosecutions=966
8.Final Comments and Questions=976
Chapter 12=979
The Problem of Fact-Finding and Evidence
How Are Human Rights Violations Investigated?
1.The Challenge:To Find Out What Is Realy Happening=980
2.Gathering the Facts:Allegations of Judicial Persecution of Mapuche Leaders in Chile=981
3.Evaluating the Facts=1041
4.Final Comments and Questions=1062
Chapter 13=1063
Human Rights and Foreign Policy
The United States-China Relationship
1.Human Rights and U.S Foreign Policy=1065
2.Human Rights Policies of Other States=1144
3.Final Comments and Questions=1162
Index=1165
The Concept of Human Rights
From Morality to Law:The Abolition of Slavery
1.The Concept of Human Rights=2
2.The Movement to Abolish Slavery and the Slave Trade=3
3.The Philosophica Underpinnings of Human Rights=31
4.A Brief History of Human Rights in International Law and Institutions
John P.Humphrey, The International Law of Human Rights in the Middle Twentieth Century=46
5.Final Comments and Questions=53
Chapter 2=55
Guaranteeing Human Rights by Treaty Is there a right to a safe and healthy environment?
1.The State of the Global Environment and Human Well-Being=27
2.The Protection of Human Rights Through Treatties=62
3.Are Human Rights Treaties Different from Other International Legal Norms?=105
4. Final Comments and Questions=132
Chapter 3=135
The Development of Human Rights Norms Through Non-binding Instruments
1.Introduction :The Role of "Soft Law' in Human Rights Law Making=136
2.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights=143
3.The Emergence of New Human Rights Norms:The Rights of Indigenous Peoples
and Maya Land Claims in Southern Belize=164
4.Norm Building in Related Areas=183
5.The Model or "Soft Law'Approach in the Criminal Justice Area=199
5.Final Comments and Questions=206
Chapter 4=209
Human Rights in Extremis How Can Human Rights Be Protected in Civil Strife and Armed Conflict?
1.A Mote in the Eye of Freedom:Interrogation at Abu Ghraib Prison, Iraq=211
2.Human Rights in Civil Strife and States of Emergency=216
3.The Traditional Law of War:International Armed Conflict=230
4.Expanding Traditional Protections:Internal Armed Conflicts=247
5.Where Does Responsibility Lie for Violations of theh Law of War?=254
6.Modern Warfare:Distinguishing Combatants from Civilians=261
7.The "War on Terror":Emergency, Armed Conflict, or Business as Usual?=267
8.Final Comments and Questions=319
Chapter 5=323
Who is Obligated to Promote and Protect Human Rights? Oil Exploration and Exploitation in the Niger River Delta
1.The Porblem:Oil Ezploration and Exploitation in Nigeria=325
2.The Obligations of States=326
3.Corporate Responsibility=373
4.Do International Organizations Have Human Rights Obligations=396
5.The Responsibility of Individuals for Human Rights Violations=430
6.Final Comments and Questions=438
Chapter 6=439
Domestic Enforcement Mechanisms Are States Courts Bound to Apply International Human Rights Norms?
1.Introduction:The Relationship Between International and Domestic Legal Systems=440
2.U.S Courts and the Right of Juvenile Offenders Not to be Executed=442
3.The Justiciability of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights=501
4.Final Comments and Questions=532
Chapter 7=533
UN Mechanisms for Addressing Violations of Human Right What Petition and Other Procedures are Available for Implementing Human Rights Standards?
1.Introduction=534
2.The Situation in Greece:An Early Test Case=536
3.Analyzing the Procedures and Problems of Resolution 1503=546
4.Other UN Mechanisms for Investigating Alleged Human Rights Abuses=562
5.Monitoring the Implementation of UN Human Rights Treaties=583
6.Final Comments and Questions=615
Chapter 8=617
The European System for the Protection of Human Rights Can Regional Systems to Protect Human Rights Be More Effective than UN Mechanisms?
1.Universal and Regional Norms=619
2.The Council of Europe and the European Convention on Hyman Rights=621
3.Other Human Rights Activities of the Council of Europe,European Union, and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe=706
4.Final Comments and Question=715
Chapter 9=717
Human Rights in the Americas Responding to Disappearances in Argentina
1.Human Rihgts in Argentian=718
2.Evolution of the Human Rights System in the Americas=720
3.Armed Intervention=828
4.The International Response to Darfur=867
5.Final Comments and Questions=877
Chapter 11=881
International Criminal Law
Can We Deter Human Rights Violations by Using the Criminal Justice Process?
1. Introduction=882
2.The 1973 Coup in Chile and Its Aftermath=883
3.Efforts to Bring the International Criminal Justice Porcess to Bear upon Human Rights Violators=887
4.The International Criminal Court\912
5.Universal Jurisdiction=940
6.The "Piecemeal"Convention Approach Coupled with Domestic Enforcement=959
7.The Exercise of National Jurisdiction under Domestice Law:Amnesties and Prosecutions=966
8.Final Comments and Questions=976
Chapter 12=979
The Problem of Fact-Finding and Evidence
How Are Human Rights Violations Investigated?
1.The Challenge:To Find Out What Is Realy Happening=980
2.Gathering the Facts:Allegations of Judicial Persecution of Mapuche Leaders in Chile=981
3.Evaluating the Facts=1041
4.Final Comments and Questions=1062
Chapter 13=1063
Human Rights and Foreign Policy
The United States-China Relationship
1.Human Rights and U.S Foreign Policy=1065
2.Human Rights Policies of Other States=1144
3.Final Comments and Questions=1162
Index=1165