List of Tables and Figures = Xi
List of Key Human Rights Cases = Xii
List of Case Studies = Xiii
Preface = Xiv
Introduction: a Human Rights Approach = 1
Social Equality and Social Justice = 1
Social Scientific Approaches to The Study of Dominant/subordinate Relations = 3
The Race and Ethnic Relations Approach to Dominant/subordinate Relations = 3
The Deviance Approach to Dominant/subordinate Relations = 6
Limitations of Social Scientific Approaches to The Analysis of Dominant/subordinate Relations = 10
The Human Rights Perspective: International Human Rights = 13
Universal Human Rights = 13
The Development of International Human Rights Covenants = 14
The Content of Human Rights Provisions = 15
Justifiable Restrictions on Human Rights = 16
Twin Principles of Human Rights: Human Unity and Cultural Diversity = 19
The Debate over The Universality of Human Rights = 19
Cultural Diversity and Collective Rights = 24
Group-level Rights and Claims: Distinguishing between Collective and Categorical Group Rights = 28
Concluding Commentary = 29
The Social Construction of Inequality = 31
Introduction: The Invalidation of Difference = 31
The Myth of Racial Inferiority and Superiority = 39
Race, Ethnicity and Human Rights = 40
White Racism = 46
Anti-semitism = 48
Heterosexism = 49
Hate Propaganda = 50
Concluding Commentary = 54
Prejudice and Discrimination: Building Blocks of Social Inequality = 56
Introduction = 56
Prejudice and Discrimination = 56
Forms and Levels of Discrimination = 60
Discrimination of Silence = 65
The Relationship between Prejudice and Discrimination = 67
Prejudice Or Discrimination? = 70
Concluding Commentary = 73
The Experience of Degradation, Abuse and The Harmful Impact of Hate = 74
Violations of The Rights of Children = 74
Violations of The Human Rights of Members of Vulnerable Subordinate Groups = 75
The Experience of Racial Degradation and Discrimination by Members of Aboriginal Subordinate Groups = 87
The Experience of Anti-semitic Degradation and Discrimination by Members of The Jewish Subordinate Population = 88
The Experience of Heterosexist Degradation and Discrimination by Members of The Gay and Lesbian Subordinate Population = 91
The Experience of Abuse, Degradation and Hateful Discrimination by Members of Subordinate Populations = 93
Concluding Commentary = 94
Equality/equity-seeking Protest Movements 1: Women's Rights = 96
Introduction = 96
Strategies for Change = 96
Creating Positive Group Identities = 99
New Social Movements = 101
The Women's Rights and Liberation Movement in Democratic Society = 103
The Backlash = 111
After The Millennium = 111
Observations on Case Studies 5.1--5.3: Views from The ``other'' Women = 117
Concluding Commentary = 118
Equality/equity-seeking Protest Movements 2: Gay and Lesbian Rights = 120
The Gay and Lesbian Rights and Liberation Movement = 120
Sub-cultures Versus Ethnocultures = 127
Gay and Lesbian Rights: Critical Issues for The Twenty-first Century = 128
Concluding Commentary = 140
The Roots of The Aboriginal Movement: Colonialism and Cultural Genocide = 141
Introduction = 141
Precursors of Aboriginal Protest = 141
Extermination/genocide and Assimilation/cultural Genocide = 149
Concluding Commentary = 153
Aboriginal Rights and New Nationhood Movements = 154
Aboriginal Protest Movements As New Social Movements = 154
Aboriginal Rights and New Nationhood Movements = 155
Concluding Commentary = 173
Conclusion: Strengths and Weaknesses of The Current Human Rights System = 176
Introduction = 176
The Relationship between National and International Dimensions of Human Rights = 177
Claims Put Forward to The Un Human Rights Committee Under The Optional Protocol to The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights = 178
Universality of Human Rights in Cross-cultural Context = 181
Coalition-building for Recognition and Implementation of The Human Rights of Subordinate Groups = 183
New Social Movements and Coalition-building among Subordinate Groups = 184
Concluding Commentary = 185
Appendix A: Universal Declaration of Human Rights = 186
Appendix B: Draft Declaration on The Rights of Indigenous Peoples = 192
References = 202
Index = 214
List of Key Human Rights Cases = Xii
List of Case Studies = Xiii
Preface = Xiv
Introduction: a Human Rights Approach = 1
Social Equality and Social Justice = 1
Social Scientific Approaches to The Study of Dominant/subordinate Relations = 3
The Race and Ethnic Relations Approach to Dominant/subordinate Relations = 3
The Deviance Approach to Dominant/subordinate Relations = 6
Limitations of Social Scientific Approaches to The Analysis of Dominant/subordinate Relations = 10
The Human Rights Perspective: International Human Rights = 13
Universal Human Rights = 13
The Development of International Human Rights Covenants = 14
The Content of Human Rights Provisions = 15
Justifiable Restrictions on Human Rights = 16
Twin Principles of Human Rights: Human Unity and Cultural Diversity = 19
The Debate over The Universality of Human Rights = 19
Cultural Diversity and Collective Rights = 24
Group-level Rights and Claims: Distinguishing between Collective and Categorical Group Rights = 28
Concluding Commentary = 29
The Social Construction of Inequality = 31
Introduction: The Invalidation of Difference = 31
The Myth of Racial Inferiority and Superiority = 39
Race, Ethnicity and Human Rights = 40
White Racism = 46
Anti-semitism = 48
Heterosexism = 49
Hate Propaganda = 50
Concluding Commentary = 54
Prejudice and Discrimination: Building Blocks of Social Inequality = 56
Introduction = 56
Prejudice and Discrimination = 56
Forms and Levels of Discrimination = 60
Discrimination of Silence = 65
The Relationship between Prejudice and Discrimination = 67
Prejudice Or Discrimination? = 70
Concluding Commentary = 73
The Experience of Degradation, Abuse and The Harmful Impact of Hate = 74
Violations of The Rights of Children = 74
Violations of The Human Rights of Members of Vulnerable Subordinate Groups = 75
The Experience of Racial Degradation and Discrimination by Members of Aboriginal Subordinate Groups = 87
The Experience of Anti-semitic Degradation and Discrimination by Members of The Jewish Subordinate Population = 88
The Experience of Heterosexist Degradation and Discrimination by Members of The Gay and Lesbian Subordinate Population = 91
The Experience of Abuse, Degradation and Hateful Discrimination by Members of Subordinate Populations = 93
Concluding Commentary = 94
Equality/equity-seeking Protest Movements 1: Women's Rights = 96
Introduction = 96
Strategies for Change = 96
Creating Positive Group Identities = 99
New Social Movements = 101
The Women's Rights and Liberation Movement in Democratic Society = 103
The Backlash = 111
After The Millennium = 111
Observations on Case Studies 5.1--5.3: Views from The ``other'' Women = 117
Concluding Commentary = 118
Equality/equity-seeking Protest Movements 2: Gay and Lesbian Rights = 120
The Gay and Lesbian Rights and Liberation Movement = 120
Sub-cultures Versus Ethnocultures = 127
Gay and Lesbian Rights: Critical Issues for The Twenty-first Century = 128
Concluding Commentary = 140
The Roots of The Aboriginal Movement: Colonialism and Cultural Genocide = 141
Introduction = 141
Precursors of Aboriginal Protest = 141
Extermination/genocide and Assimilation/cultural Genocide = 149
Concluding Commentary = 153
Aboriginal Rights and New Nationhood Movements = 154
Aboriginal Protest Movements As New Social Movements = 154
Aboriginal Rights and New Nationhood Movements = 155
Concluding Commentary = 173
Conclusion: Strengths and Weaknesses of The Current Human Rights System = 176
Introduction = 176
The Relationship between National and International Dimensions of Human Rights = 177
Claims Put Forward to The Un Human Rights Committee Under The Optional Protocol to The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights = 178
Universality of Human Rights in Cross-cultural Context = 181
Coalition-building for Recognition and Implementation of The Human Rights of Subordinate Groups = 183
New Social Movements and Coalition-building among Subordinate Groups = 184
Concluding Commentary = 185
Appendix A: Universal Declaration of Human Rights = 186
Appendix B: Draft Declaration on The Rights of Indigenous Peoples = 192
References = 202
Index = 214