Interterritorial competition and social policy outcomes
GLOBALISATION AND REDISTRIBUTION / PIERRE PESTIEAU = 3
1. Introduction = 3
2. A Simple Model = 4
3. Some Evidence = 6
4. Why so Little Evidence of a Race to the Bottom? = 10
5. References = 11 Appendix = 12
CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE OF OECD HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS? / CLAUS WENDT, SIMONE GRIMMEISEN, HEINZ ROTHGANG = 15
1. Introduction = 15
1.1. Welfare State and Health Policy Convergence = 16
2. Concept and Methodological Approach = 17
2.1. A Three-Dimensional Concept for the Analysis of Health Care Systems = 17
2.2. Data and Methods = 19
3. First Results: Changes in Financing, Provision and Regulation of Health Care Services = 21
3.1. Financing = 21
3.2. Service Provision = 25
3.3. Regulation = 28
3.4. Coverage = 28
3.5. Financing = 30
3.6. Remuneration = 32
3.7. Access of Service Providers to the Health Care Market = 33
3.8. Access of Patients to Health Care Services = 35
3.9. Benefit Package = 36
4. Discussion = 38
5. References = 40
Appendix = 43
A DEVOLUTION REVOLUTION? CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN U.S. STATE SOCIAL POLICIES IN THE 1990s / MARCIA K. MEYERS and JANET C. GORNICK 47
1. Introduction = 47
2. Background = 48
2.1. Issues in Devolution = 48
2.2. The U.S. Case: Social and Health Policy Activity in the 1990s = 49
2.3. Social and Health Policy Devolution = 50
2.4. Consequences of Devolution = 51
2.5. Innovation and Interstate Variation? = 52
2.6. A Race to the Bottom? = 52
2.7. Increased Inequality? = 53
3. Research Questions = 53
4. Data and Methods = 54
4.1. Selection of Programs = 54
4.2. Measures = 57
4.3. Data = 59
4.4. Analytic Approach = 60
5. Results = 60
5.1. Interstate Variation = 60
5.2. Adequacy and Inclusion = 63
5.3. Interstate Inequality = 72
6. Conclusions = 76
6.1. Cautions and Limitations = 76
6.2. Discussion = 77
7. References = 79
THE IRREVERSIBLE WELFARE STATE WITHIN THE GLOBALISATION DILEMMA / GEORG VOBRUBA 81
1. Introduction = 81
2. A Historical Coexistence: Globalisation and the Welfare State = 82
2.1. Globalisation = 83
2.2. The Welfare State = 84
3. Why Does Globalisation Need the Welfare State? = 85
4. A Short Provisorial Summary: The Globalisation Dilemma = 86
5. Reversible Globalisation = 86
6. The Irreversible Welfare State = 87
7. Conclusion = 89 8. References = 90
RANKING ORDERS: PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS / CHRIS DE NEUBOURG and JULIE CASTONGUAY 93
1. Choosing Appropriate Indicators in Evaluating Social Protection Systems = 93
1.1. Poverty and Inequality: A Special Case = 97
1.2. Tax Benefits and Net Social Expenditures = 97
1.3. The Social Construction of Coverage and Poverty = 98
1.4. The Relevance of the Regulatory Environment = 99
1.5. The Welfare Impact of Social Protection = 99
1.6. The Role of Informal Transfers and Private Charity = 99
1.7. Summary = 100
2. Assessing the Social Protection Performance in Selected OECD Countries = 102
2.1. Expenditure and Financing Structure = 102
2.2. Coverage: Scope, Extent, Depth = 105
2.3. Distributional Performance: Poverty Rates = 109
2.4. Distributional Performance: Inequality = 113
2.5. Inefficiency Cost: Is There Welfare Dependency in Europe? = 115
3. The Social Protection Index (SPI): Ranking Orders = 118
4. Preliminary Conclusions = 122
5. References = 123
THE PATH TOWARDS A MORE EMPLOYMENT FRIENDLY LIBERAL REGIME? GLOBALISATION AND THE IRISH SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM / FIONA DUKELOW 125
1. Irelands Economic Transformation = 128
2. How Has Ireland Coped with Globalisation? Explanations for Economic Development and Their Implications for Social Policy = 131
3. The Path Towards a More Employment Friendly Liberal Regime = 135
3.1. From Crisis to Recovery... = 135
3.2. ... to Successfully Competing ... = 138
3.3. ... to the Challenge of Staying Competitive = 144
3.4. The Outcome: Low Unemployment with High Levels of Inequality and Poverty = 145
4. Conclusion = 148
5. References = 149
THE GLOBALISATION OF POLICY DISCOURSE AND POLICY MAKING
GLOBAL SOCIAL POLICY: FROM NEO-LIBERALISM TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY? / BOB DEACON 157
1. Conceptual and Analytical Clarifications = 157
2. Globalisations Impact Upon Social Policy = 160
3. International Organisations and National Pension Policy Reform = 162
4. The Fall and Rise of Universalism in International Discourse About National Social Policy = 166
5. Global Social Policy. Emerging Global Redistribution Regulation and Rights? = 172
5.1. Global Social Redistribution, Regulation and Rights = 173
5.2. The World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalisation = 177
6. References = 179
MULTILATERAL COOPERATION AND SOCIAL SECURITY: THE CASE OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES / NICOLA YEATES 183
1. Introduction = 183
2. Overview of the GATS = 184
3. The Status of Social Security in the GATS = 188
3.1. The Supply of Social Security Services = 188
3.2. Access to and Use of Social Security Services = 191
4. Possible Effects of the GATS on Social Security = 194
4.1. The Supply of Social Security Services = 195
4.2. Access to and Use of Social Security = 196
5. Conclusions = 199
6. Acknowledgements = 200
7. References = 200
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SOCIAL POLICY EUROPEAN SUBSIDIARITY VERSUS AMERICAN SOCIAL FEDERALISM: IS EUROPE IN NEED OF A COMMON SOCIAL POLICY? / BEA CANTILLON 205
1. Poverty, Inequality and the Welfare State = 205
2. How Great is the Danger of Social Dumping? = 208
3. The Optimum Level of Redistribution: What Does Theory Tell Us? = 211
3.1. Fiscal Federalism = 211
3.2. Challenges to Fiscal Federalism = 212
4. American Fiscal Federalism and European Subsidiarity in Practice = 213
4.1. American Social Federalism = 213
4.2. European Subsidiarity = 215
4.3. An Ex Post Evaluation = 218
5. Lessons for the European Social Model = 221
5.1. Europe at a Crossroads = 223
5.2. The Open Method of Co-ordination and Beyond = 223
6. Conclusion: Towards Binding Agreements on a Guaranteed Minimum Income? = 226
7. References = 226
Economic and social policy aims of the pension policy of the European Union / Sini Laitinen-Kuikka = 233
I. Introduction = 233
2. What kind of social model in the EU? = 235
3. Economic and social policy of the Union-from counterbalance to Mutual enforcement = 236
4. The common pension policy of the union = 239
5. Conclusion = 246
6. References = 248
"Everyone has the fight to social security" -Yeah, in your dreams / Einar Overbye = 251
1. "Everyone has the right to social security" = 251
2. The social insurance model = 252
3. Micro-insurance and mutual societies = 255
4. The social assistance model = 257
5. Summary and discussion = 261
6. References = 262
List of contributors = 265
About the series = 267
GLOBALISATION AND REDISTRIBUTION / PIERRE PESTIEAU = 3
1. Introduction = 3
2. A Simple Model = 4
3. Some Evidence = 6
4. Why so Little Evidence of a Race to the Bottom? = 10
5. References = 11 Appendix = 12
CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE OF OECD HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS? / CLAUS WENDT, SIMONE GRIMMEISEN, HEINZ ROTHGANG = 15
1. Introduction = 15
1.1. Welfare State and Health Policy Convergence = 16
2. Concept and Methodological Approach = 17
2.1. A Three-Dimensional Concept for the Analysis of Health Care Systems = 17
2.2. Data and Methods = 19
3. First Results: Changes in Financing, Provision and Regulation of Health Care Services = 21
3.1. Financing = 21
3.2. Service Provision = 25
3.3. Regulation = 28
3.4. Coverage = 28
3.5. Financing = 30
3.6. Remuneration = 32
3.7. Access of Service Providers to the Health Care Market = 33
3.8. Access of Patients to Health Care Services = 35
3.9. Benefit Package = 36
4. Discussion = 38
5. References = 40
Appendix = 43
A DEVOLUTION REVOLUTION? CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN U.S. STATE SOCIAL POLICIES IN THE 1990s / MARCIA K. MEYERS and JANET C. GORNICK 47
1. Introduction = 47
2. Background = 48
2.1. Issues in Devolution = 48
2.2. The U.S. Case: Social and Health Policy Activity in the 1990s = 49
2.3. Social and Health Policy Devolution = 50
2.4. Consequences of Devolution = 51
2.5. Innovation and Interstate Variation? = 52
2.6. A Race to the Bottom? = 52
2.7. Increased Inequality? = 53
3. Research Questions = 53
4. Data and Methods = 54
4.1. Selection of Programs = 54
4.2. Measures = 57
4.3. Data = 59
4.4. Analytic Approach = 60
5. Results = 60
5.1. Interstate Variation = 60
5.2. Adequacy and Inclusion = 63
5.3. Interstate Inequality = 72
6. Conclusions = 76
6.1. Cautions and Limitations = 76
6.2. Discussion = 77
7. References = 79
THE IRREVERSIBLE WELFARE STATE WITHIN THE GLOBALISATION DILEMMA / GEORG VOBRUBA 81
1. Introduction = 81
2. A Historical Coexistence: Globalisation and the Welfare State = 82
2.1. Globalisation = 83
2.2. The Welfare State = 84
3. Why Does Globalisation Need the Welfare State? = 85
4. A Short Provisorial Summary: The Globalisation Dilemma = 86
5. Reversible Globalisation = 86
6. The Irreversible Welfare State = 87
7. Conclusion = 89 8. References = 90
RANKING ORDERS: PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS / CHRIS DE NEUBOURG and JULIE CASTONGUAY 93
1. Choosing Appropriate Indicators in Evaluating Social Protection Systems = 93
1.1. Poverty and Inequality: A Special Case = 97
1.2. Tax Benefits and Net Social Expenditures = 97
1.3. The Social Construction of Coverage and Poverty = 98
1.4. The Relevance of the Regulatory Environment = 99
1.5. The Welfare Impact of Social Protection = 99
1.6. The Role of Informal Transfers and Private Charity = 99
1.7. Summary = 100
2. Assessing the Social Protection Performance in Selected OECD Countries = 102
2.1. Expenditure and Financing Structure = 102
2.2. Coverage: Scope, Extent, Depth = 105
2.3. Distributional Performance: Poverty Rates = 109
2.4. Distributional Performance: Inequality = 113
2.5. Inefficiency Cost: Is There Welfare Dependency in Europe? = 115
3. The Social Protection Index (SPI): Ranking Orders = 118
4. Preliminary Conclusions = 122
5. References = 123
THE PATH TOWARDS A MORE EMPLOYMENT FRIENDLY LIBERAL REGIME? GLOBALISATION AND THE IRISH SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM / FIONA DUKELOW 125
1. Irelands Economic Transformation = 128
2. How Has Ireland Coped with Globalisation? Explanations for Economic Development and Their Implications for Social Policy = 131
3. The Path Towards a More Employment Friendly Liberal Regime = 135
3.1. From Crisis to Recovery... = 135
3.2. ... to Successfully Competing ... = 138
3.3. ... to the Challenge of Staying Competitive = 144
3.4. The Outcome: Low Unemployment with High Levels of Inequality and Poverty = 145
4. Conclusion = 148
5. References = 149
THE GLOBALISATION OF POLICY DISCOURSE AND POLICY MAKING
GLOBAL SOCIAL POLICY: FROM NEO-LIBERALISM TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY? / BOB DEACON 157
1. Conceptual and Analytical Clarifications = 157
2. Globalisations Impact Upon Social Policy = 160
3. International Organisations and National Pension Policy Reform = 162
4. The Fall and Rise of Universalism in International Discourse About National Social Policy = 166
5. Global Social Policy. Emerging Global Redistribution Regulation and Rights? = 172
5.1. Global Social Redistribution, Regulation and Rights = 173
5.2. The World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalisation = 177
6. References = 179
MULTILATERAL COOPERATION AND SOCIAL SECURITY: THE CASE OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES / NICOLA YEATES 183
1. Introduction = 183
2. Overview of the GATS = 184
3. The Status of Social Security in the GATS = 188
3.1. The Supply of Social Security Services = 188
3.2. Access to and Use of Social Security Services = 191
4. Possible Effects of the GATS on Social Security = 194
4.1. The Supply of Social Security Services = 195
4.2. Access to and Use of Social Security = 196
5. Conclusions = 199
6. Acknowledgements = 200
7. References = 200
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SOCIAL POLICY EUROPEAN SUBSIDIARITY VERSUS AMERICAN SOCIAL FEDERALISM: IS EUROPE IN NEED OF A COMMON SOCIAL POLICY? / BEA CANTILLON 205
1. Poverty, Inequality and the Welfare State = 205
2. How Great is the Danger of Social Dumping? = 208
3. The Optimum Level of Redistribution: What Does Theory Tell Us? = 211
3.1. Fiscal Federalism = 211
3.2. Challenges to Fiscal Federalism = 212
4. American Fiscal Federalism and European Subsidiarity in Practice = 213
4.1. American Social Federalism = 213
4.2. European Subsidiarity = 215
4.3. An Ex Post Evaluation = 218
5. Lessons for the European Social Model = 221
5.1. Europe at a Crossroads = 223
5.2. The Open Method of Co-ordination and Beyond = 223
6. Conclusion: Towards Binding Agreements on a Guaranteed Minimum Income? = 226
7. References = 226
Economic and social policy aims of the pension policy of the European Union / Sini Laitinen-Kuikka = 233
I. Introduction = 233
2. What kind of social model in the EU? = 235
3. Economic and social policy of the Union-from counterbalance to Mutual enforcement = 236
4. The common pension policy of the union = 239
5. Conclusion = 246
6. References = 248
"Everyone has the fight to social security" -Yeah, in your dreams / Einar Overbye = 251
1. "Everyone has the right to social security" = 251
2. The social insurance model = 252
3. Micro-insurance and mutual societies = 255
4. The social assistance model = 257
5. Summary and discussion = 261
6. References = 262
List of contributors = 265
About the series = 267