Foreword: The Resistance To Southern Perspectives = 1
Jerry Mander
How the South is getting a Raw Deal at the WTO = 7
Martin Khor
The WTO as an Instrument to Govern the South
Inherent Biases in the WTO System: Lack of Transparency and Participation
Inequities between North and South in the WTO Agreements
Third World Scholars Critique the Uruguay Round
The Uruguay Round's Combination of Liberalization and Protection for Corporate Interests
Difficulties for Developing Countries Generated by the WTO
Agreements and Their Problems of Implementation
The Need to Review and Repair the WTO Agreements
Pressure for New Issues
Dangers of the Proliferation of ``Trade Related Issues''
The Proposed New Issues and Dangers to the South
The Dangers of Four New Issues
Investment
Competition
Government Procurement
Industrial Tariffs
Other Issues at the Door: Environment and Labor
Social and Environmental Issues Seeking an Entrance
Trade and the Environment
Trade and Labor Standards
Conclusion
Building an Iron Cage: Bretton Woods Institutions, the WTO, and the South = 54
Walden Bello
The 1950s through the 1970s: Emergence of the Southern Agenda
The Bretton Woods Institutions Focus on the South
The Southern Challenge in the 1970s
Right-Wing Reaction and the Demonization of the South
Targeting the UN System
The 1980s and Early 1990s: Resubordination of the South
Structural Adjustment
Bringing the NICs to Heel
Dismantling the UN Development System
The World Trade Organization: Sealing the Defeat of the South
The WTO and Industrialization in the South
TRIPs and Agriculture
The Agreement on Agriculture
Oligarchic Decision Making
Strategy for Change
War Against Nature and the People of the South = 91
Dr. Vandana Shiva
Globalization of India's Agriculture
Shift to Export Crops
Cotton: Seeds of Suicide
Shrimp Factories
Other Export Crops: Costs Exceed Earnings
Imports: Diversity Destroyed
Corporate Control of Processing and Packaging
The Driving Forces behind Globalization of Agriculture
The Agribusiness Giants
The WTO Agreement on Agriculture
Domestic Support
Market Access
Export Competition
Upcoming Review of the AOA
Need for a New Paradigm
TRIPs and Biopiracy
History of Intellectual Property Rights
Introduction of TRIPs
Upcoming Review of TRIPs
Citizens' Movements
Conclusion
Implications for Developing Countries and Least Developed Countries = 126
Dot Keet
Dashed Expectations in Developing Countries
Abuses of the Multilateral Rules-based System by Developed Countries
Marginalization for Least Developed Countries
Future Implications for Developing Countries
New Pressures from Developed Countries
Millennial Challenges
Special and Differential Terms
Implementation of Obligations and Interrogations
Impact Assessment and Possible Modifications
Possible Preemptive Positions by Developing Countries
Further and More Fundamental Aims
Two Cases of Corporate Rule = 155
The Case of Chile: Dictatorship and Neoliberalism
Sara Larrain
The Case of Nigeria: Corporate Oil and Tribal Blood
Oronto Douglas
Afterword 164
Anuradha Mittal
Jerry Mander
How the South is getting a Raw Deal at the WTO = 7
Martin Khor
The WTO as an Instrument to Govern the South
Inherent Biases in the WTO System: Lack of Transparency and Participation
Inequities between North and South in the WTO Agreements
Third World Scholars Critique the Uruguay Round
The Uruguay Round's Combination of Liberalization and Protection for Corporate Interests
Difficulties for Developing Countries Generated by the WTO
Agreements and Their Problems of Implementation
The Need to Review and Repair the WTO Agreements
Pressure for New Issues
Dangers of the Proliferation of ``Trade Related Issues''
The Proposed New Issues and Dangers to the South
The Dangers of Four New Issues
Investment
Competition
Government Procurement
Industrial Tariffs
Other Issues at the Door: Environment and Labor
Social and Environmental Issues Seeking an Entrance
Trade and the Environment
Trade and Labor Standards
Conclusion
Building an Iron Cage: Bretton Woods Institutions, the WTO, and the South = 54
Walden Bello
The 1950s through the 1970s: Emergence of the Southern Agenda
The Bretton Woods Institutions Focus on the South
The Southern Challenge in the 1970s
Right-Wing Reaction and the Demonization of the South
Targeting the UN System
The 1980s and Early 1990s: Resubordination of the South
Structural Adjustment
Bringing the NICs to Heel
Dismantling the UN Development System
The World Trade Organization: Sealing the Defeat of the South
The WTO and Industrialization in the South
TRIPs and Agriculture
The Agreement on Agriculture
Oligarchic Decision Making
Strategy for Change
War Against Nature and the People of the South = 91
Dr. Vandana Shiva
Globalization of India's Agriculture
Shift to Export Crops
Cotton: Seeds of Suicide
Shrimp Factories
Other Export Crops: Costs Exceed Earnings
Imports: Diversity Destroyed
Corporate Control of Processing and Packaging
The Driving Forces behind Globalization of Agriculture
The Agribusiness Giants
The WTO Agreement on Agriculture
Domestic Support
Market Access
Export Competition
Upcoming Review of the AOA
Need for a New Paradigm
TRIPs and Biopiracy
History of Intellectual Property Rights
Introduction of TRIPs
Upcoming Review of TRIPs
Citizens' Movements
Conclusion
Implications for Developing Countries and Least Developed Countries = 126
Dot Keet
Dashed Expectations in Developing Countries
Abuses of the Multilateral Rules-based System by Developed Countries
Marginalization for Least Developed Countries
Future Implications for Developing Countries
New Pressures from Developed Countries
Millennial Challenges
Special and Differential Terms
Implementation of Obligations and Interrogations
Impact Assessment and Possible Modifications
Possible Preemptive Positions by Developing Countries
Further and More Fundamental Aims
Two Cases of Corporate Rule = 155
The Case of Chile: Dictatorship and Neoliberalism
Sara Larrain
The Case of Nigeria: Corporate Oil and Tribal Blood
Oronto Douglas
Afterword 164
Anuradha Mittal