Introduction = 1
Part One. Individuals Make a Difference
1 Growing Up = 15
The Great Depression and the Demise of the League of Nations
World War II
Faith and Family Matters
2 Formal Education = 65
Education at Home
Studying Abroad
3 Serendipity and International Careers = 110
Mentors Opening Doors
Advanced Studies as a Gateway
Post-University Homecomings
Starting Out in Teaching and Research
Beginning in National Public Service
Juggling Family and Professional Life
Part Two. Hope, Creativity, and Frustration
4 From 1945 through the 1950's: Hope Held High = 145
The Establishment of the United Nations
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Marshall Plan
The Cold War
McCarthyism
Decolonization and the Non-Aligned Movement
The UN Regional Commissions
5 The 1960's: Widening Development Avenues = 186
The First Development Decade
UNCTAD and the Group of 77
Technical Cooperation: The Road to the UNDP
Influence of the Major Powers
6 The 1970's: Creativity Confronts Geopolitics = 216
The Environment and Sustainability
Oil Shocks and the NIEO
Transnational Corporations
The Least Developed Countries
Basic Needs and Redistribution
Women and Gender
7 The 1980's: Development Frustrated = 258
Death of the North-South "Dialogue"
The Debt Crisis and Adjustment: A Lost Decade
The Washington "Consensus"
The End of the Cold War and the Socialist Model
8 The 1990's and the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century: Renaissance and Reform? = 281
Globalization
Human Development
Human Security and the Responsibility to Protect
Global Governance and the Millennium Development Goals
Part Three. The World Organization, Ideas, and Twenty-First-Century Challenges
9 A Revolutionary Idea: The International Civil Service = 315
Good Old Days?
Cold War Diversions
Geographical Representation
Women at the UN
Organizational Culture
Reform Difficulties
10 The Power of Ideas and People Inside the UN = 344
Leadership
The Secretaries-General
Tensions in the System
Country Groups and International Negotiations
11 Blending Outside Intellectual Energies = 371
Outside Academics and Consultants
Independent Commissions of Eminent Persons
Nongovernmental Organizations and the Private Sector
Global Conferences
12 The Legacy and Future Intellectual Challenges = 406
Ideas Change International Discourse
Ideas Redefine State and Non-state Interests and Goals
Ideas Facilitate New Coalitions
Ideas Become Embedded in Institutions
The UN's Future Intellectual Challenges
Appendix 1. Biographical Notes of Persons Interviewed = 435
Appendix 2. A Methodological Note: Making This Oral History = 459
Notes = 463
Index of Persons Interviewed = 483
Index of Subjects = 493
About the Authors = 517
About the United Nations Intellectual History Project 519
Part One. Individuals Make a Difference
1 Growing Up = 15
The Great Depression and the Demise of the League of Nations
World War II
Faith and Family Matters
2 Formal Education = 65
Education at Home
Studying Abroad
3 Serendipity and International Careers = 110
Mentors Opening Doors
Advanced Studies as a Gateway
Post-University Homecomings
Starting Out in Teaching and Research
Beginning in National Public Service
Juggling Family and Professional Life
Part Two. Hope, Creativity, and Frustration
4 From 1945 through the 1950's: Hope Held High = 145
The Establishment of the United Nations
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Marshall Plan
The Cold War
McCarthyism
Decolonization and the Non-Aligned Movement
The UN Regional Commissions
5 The 1960's: Widening Development Avenues = 186
The First Development Decade
UNCTAD and the Group of 77
Technical Cooperation: The Road to the UNDP
Influence of the Major Powers
6 The 1970's: Creativity Confronts Geopolitics = 216
The Environment and Sustainability
Oil Shocks and the NIEO
Transnational Corporations
The Least Developed Countries
Basic Needs and Redistribution
Women and Gender
7 The 1980's: Development Frustrated = 258
Death of the North-South "Dialogue"
The Debt Crisis and Adjustment: A Lost Decade
The Washington "Consensus"
The End of the Cold War and the Socialist Model
8 The 1990's and the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century: Renaissance and Reform? = 281
Globalization
Human Development
Human Security and the Responsibility to Protect
Global Governance and the Millennium Development Goals
Part Three. The World Organization, Ideas, and Twenty-First-Century Challenges
9 A Revolutionary Idea: The International Civil Service = 315
Good Old Days?
Cold War Diversions
Geographical Representation
Women at the UN
Organizational Culture
Reform Difficulties
10 The Power of Ideas and People Inside the UN = 344
Leadership
The Secretaries-General
Tensions in the System
Country Groups and International Negotiations
11 Blending Outside Intellectual Energies = 371
Outside Academics and Consultants
Independent Commissions of Eminent Persons
Nongovernmental Organizations and the Private Sector
Global Conferences
12 The Legacy and Future Intellectual Challenges = 406
Ideas Change International Discourse
Ideas Redefine State and Non-state Interests and Goals
Ideas Facilitate New Coalitions
Ideas Become Embedded in Institutions
The UN's Future Intellectual Challenges
Appendix 1. Biographical Notes of Persons Interviewed = 435
Appendix 2. A Methodological Note: Making This Oral History = 459
Notes = 463
Index of Persons Interviewed = 483
Index of Subjects = 493
About the Authors = 517
About the United Nations Intellectual History Project 519