Introduction: Anthropology, Migration, and the Portuguese Diaspora -- Pt. I Situating the Anthropological Perspective: Macro, Meso, and Micro Approaches to the Study of Migration -- 1 The Emigrant, the Nation, and the State in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Portugal: An Anthropological Approach -- 2 Migration Stories: Agency and the Individual in the Study of Migration -- Pt. II Return Migration, Transmigrants, and Transnationalism -- 3 Emigrar para Voltar: A Portuguese Ideology of Return Migration -- 4 Emigration, the Church, and the Religious Festa in Northern Portugal -- Pt. III Cities, Immigrant Communities, and Ethnic Identity -- 5 Is the Ethnic Community Inevitable?: A Comparison of the Settlement Patterns of Portuguese Immigrants in Toronto and Paris -- 6 Ethnicity and Entrepreneurs: Portuguese Immigrants in a Canadian City -- Pt. IV Gender and Migration -- 7 Emigration and Household Structure in a Portuguese Parish, 1850-1920 -- 8 Women Are Migrants, Too: A Portuguese Perspective -- 9 Conclusion: Toward a Comparative Understanding of Migration -- References -- Index -- About the Author