1. Preliminary observations = 7
2. General observations on the situation of children in Egypt = 9
2.1 Non-discrimination = 9
2.2 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) = 11
3. Definition of the Child = 12
4. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment = 13
4.1 Prohibition of torture = 13
4.2 Sanctions applicable to people responsible for torture = 14
4.3 Impunity = 15
4.4 Exclusion of confession made under torture = 16
4.5 Prescription delay for acts of torture = 17
4.6 Practice = 17
5. Children in conflict with the law = 18
5.1 Age of penal responsibility = 18
5.2 Deprivation of liberty = 19
5.2.1 Police custody = 19
5.2.2 Pre-trial detention = 19
5.2.3 Arbitrary detention = 20
5.2.4 Alternatives to detention = 21
5.2.5 Detention outside the juvenile justice system = 22
5.2.6 Detention with adults = 22
5.3 Procedure = 23
5.3.1 Penal sanctions = 23
5.3.2 Access to a lawyer and possibilities of appeal = 24
5.3.3 Children’s court and procedures = 24
5.3.4 Obligation to inform parents = 25
5.3.5 Medical examination = 25
5.4 The practice = 25
6. Conclusions and Recommendations = 26
2. General observations on the situation of children in Egypt = 9
2.1 Non-discrimination = 9
2.2 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) = 11
3. Definition of the Child = 12
4. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment = 13
4.1 Prohibition of torture = 13
4.2 Sanctions applicable to people responsible for torture = 14
4.3 Impunity = 15
4.4 Exclusion of confession made under torture = 16
4.5 Prescription delay for acts of torture = 17
4.6 Practice = 17
5. Children in conflict with the law = 18
5.1 Age of penal responsibility = 18
5.2 Deprivation of liberty = 19
5.2.1 Police custody = 19
5.2.2 Pre-trial detention = 19
5.2.3 Arbitrary detention = 20
5.2.4 Alternatives to detention = 21
5.2.5 Detention outside the juvenile justice system = 22
5.2.6 Detention with adults = 22
5.3 Procedure = 23
5.3.1 Penal sanctions = 23
5.3.2 Access to a lawyer and possibilities of appeal = 24
5.3.3 Children’s court and procedures = 24
5.3.4 Obligation to inform parents = 25
5.3.5 Medical examination = 25
5.4 The practice = 25
6. Conclusions and Recommendations = 26