1. Preliminary observations = 7
2. General observations on the situation of children in Ethiopia = 9
2.1 Overall Situation of Children in Ethiopia = 9
2.2 Children and armed conflicts = 10
2.3 Refugee children = 12
2.4 Discrimination = 12
2.5 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) = 13
3. Definition of the Child = 14
4. Protection against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment = 15
4.1 Ethiopia’s legal frame = 16
4.2 Death Penalty and Life Imprisonment = 18
4.3 Factual information = 19
5. Protection from all Forms of Violence = 19
6. Children in Conflict with the Law = 21
6.1 Age of criminal responsibility = 21
6.2 Police Custody = 21
6.3 Pre-trial Detention = 24
6.4 Procedure = 25
a) Effectiveness of complaints = 25
b) The Right to Legal Representation = 26
c) Children’s Courts = 26
d) Separation from Adults in Detention = 26
e) Solitary Confinement = 28
f) Physical Chastisement in Institutions = 28
g) The Right to Redress = 29
h) Training of Law Enforcement Personnel, Judges and Other Administration of Justice Officials = 29
i) Regular Medical Examinations = 30
6. Conclusions and Recommendations = 31
Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child: Ethiopia = 35
2. General observations on the situation of children in Ethiopia = 9
2.1 Overall Situation of Children in Ethiopia = 9
2.2 Children and armed conflicts = 10
2.3 Refugee children = 12
2.4 Discrimination = 12
2.5 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) = 13
3. Definition of the Child = 14
4. Protection against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment = 15
4.1 Ethiopia’s legal frame = 16
4.2 Death Penalty and Life Imprisonment = 18
4.3 Factual information = 19
5. Protection from all Forms of Violence = 19
6. Children in Conflict with the Law = 21
6.1 Age of criminal responsibility = 21
6.2 Police Custody = 21
6.3 Pre-trial Detention = 24
6.4 Procedure = 25
a) Effectiveness of complaints = 25
b) The Right to Legal Representation = 26
c) Children’s Courts = 26
d) Separation from Adults in Detention = 26
e) Solitary Confinement = 28
f) Physical Chastisement in Institutions = 28
g) The Right to Redress = 29
h) Training of Law Enforcement Personnel, Judges and Other Administration of Justice Officials = 29
i) Regular Medical Examinations = 30
6. Conclusions and Recommendations = 31
Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child: Ethiopia = 35