Acknowledgements = 1
Foreword = 3
An exploration of the impact of past injustices on the South African penal system
Introduction = 5
Impact of the past on the penal system and its current functioning = 7
Today's correctional services in context = 9
Factors influencing growth in South Africa's prison population = 10
Bail = 11
Prisoners awaiting trial = 11
Minimum sentencing legislation = 11
Attempts to relieve pressure on the prison system = 12
Changes to legal framework = 13
Race and the administration of justice in South Africa
Introduction = 15
Underlying premise of white racial superiority = 15
Access to justice was racially defined = 16
Death penalty racially biased = 18
Challenges for change = 19
An overview of the South African penal system
Introduction = 21
The development of prisons in South Africa = 21
The impact of prisoners as labour = 22
Beginnings of racial segregation in prisons = 23
The apartheid years = 26
Prison labour continues = 28
Political prisoners = 28
Prison conditions under apartheid
Transformation of the prisons = 35
A broad agenda for social change = 37
Demilitarization = 39
Transformation of the personnel corps = 40
A changing prison warder culture = 40
Protest acts - staff and prisoners = 42
Affirmative action = 43
Statistical findings shed light on prison life
Method = 47
Findings = 48
Racial composition of people in South Africa = 48
Prison population = 49
Sentenced prisoners = 50
Provincial breakdown for admitted prisoners = 51
Crime categories = 52
Deaths in prison = 61
Foreigners in South African prisons = 62
Release from prison = 63
Imprisonment for failure to pay a fine = 64
In summary = 65
Racism and discrimination in three South African prisons
Pollsmoor prison = 67
Boksburg prison = 67
Krugersdorp prison = 68
Method = 68
Findings = 69
The treatment, management and perceptions of staff = 69
Prisoner concerns = 81
Concluding remarks = 91
Recommendations = 95
General = 95
Prisoners = 96
Staff = 97
Penal reform International against racism and racial discrimination = 99
List of References = 101
Foreword = 3
An exploration of the impact of past injustices on the South African penal system
Introduction = 5
Impact of the past on the penal system and its current functioning = 7
Today's correctional services in context = 9
Factors influencing growth in South Africa's prison population = 10
Bail = 11
Prisoners awaiting trial = 11
Minimum sentencing legislation = 11
Attempts to relieve pressure on the prison system = 12
Changes to legal framework = 13
Race and the administration of justice in South Africa
Introduction = 15
Underlying premise of white racial superiority = 15
Access to justice was racially defined = 16
Death penalty racially biased = 18
Challenges for change = 19
An overview of the South African penal system
Introduction = 21
The development of prisons in South Africa = 21
The impact of prisoners as labour = 22
Beginnings of racial segregation in prisons = 23
The apartheid years = 26
Prison labour continues = 28
Political prisoners = 28
Prison conditions under apartheid
Transformation of the prisons = 35
A broad agenda for social change = 37
Demilitarization = 39
Transformation of the personnel corps = 40
A changing prison warder culture = 40
Protest acts - staff and prisoners = 42
Affirmative action = 43
Statistical findings shed light on prison life
Method = 47
Findings = 48
Racial composition of people in South Africa = 48
Prison population = 49
Sentenced prisoners = 50
Provincial breakdown for admitted prisoners = 51
Crime categories = 52
Deaths in prison = 61
Foreigners in South African prisons = 62
Release from prison = 63
Imprisonment for failure to pay a fine = 64
In summary = 65
Racism and discrimination in three South African prisons
Pollsmoor prison = 67
Boksburg prison = 67
Krugersdorp prison = 68
Method = 68
Findings = 69
The treatment, management and perceptions of staff = 69
Prisoner concerns = 81
Concluding remarks = 91
Recommendations = 95
General = 95
Prisoners = 96
Staff = 97
Penal reform International against racism and racial discrimination = 99
List of References = 101