1. The Transition, Children and Women = 1
1.1 The Region in a Human Development Perspective = 1
1.2 Changes in the Economy = 5
1.3 Social Trends and Reforms = 10
1.4 Commitments to WomenOs Equality = 17
1.5 Conclusions = 20
2. Women and the Labour Market = 23
2.1 WomenOs Employment is under Pressure = 24
2.2 The Gender Pay Gap and the Structure of Female Employment = 29
2.3 WomenOs Employment and Income in the Household Context = 37
2.4 Conclusions = 40
3. Women, Families and Policies = 41
3.1 Women, Families and State Policies at the Outset of the Transition = 42
3.2 Changes in Family Formation since 1989 = 44
3.3 The Changing Landscape of Family Policies = 49
3.4 Conclusions = 57
4. Women’s Health = 59
4.1 WomenOs Reproductive Health: An Uneven Record = 60
4.2 Increases in Lifestyle-related Health Risks = 67
4.3 Conclusions = 75
5. Violence against Women = 77
5.1 Violence has Many Faces and Many Consequences = 78
5.2 Violence in the Daily Lives of Women = 80
5.3 New Patterns of Violence against Women = 85
5.4 New Opportunities to Prevent Violence = 89
5.5 Conclusions = 91
6. Women as Agents of Change = 93
6.1 Women as Political and Economic Leaders = 94
6.2 WomenOs Participation in the New Civil Societies = 100
6.3 Building Blocks and Ladders to WomenOs Success = 104
6.4 Conclusions = 107
Statistical Annex = 109
Glossary = 145
Bibliographic Notes = 147
Bibliography = 153
1.1 The Region in a Human Development Perspective = 1
1.2 Changes in the Economy = 5
1.3 Social Trends and Reforms = 10
1.4 Commitments to WomenOs Equality = 17
1.5 Conclusions = 20
2. Women and the Labour Market = 23
2.1 WomenOs Employment is under Pressure = 24
2.2 The Gender Pay Gap and the Structure of Female Employment = 29
2.3 WomenOs Employment and Income in the Household Context = 37
2.4 Conclusions = 40
3. Women, Families and Policies = 41
3.1 Women, Families and State Policies at the Outset of the Transition = 42
3.2 Changes in Family Formation since 1989 = 44
3.3 The Changing Landscape of Family Policies = 49
3.4 Conclusions = 57
4. Women’s Health = 59
4.1 WomenOs Reproductive Health: An Uneven Record = 60
4.2 Increases in Lifestyle-related Health Risks = 67
4.3 Conclusions = 75
5. Violence against Women = 77
5.1 Violence has Many Faces and Many Consequences = 78
5.2 Violence in the Daily Lives of Women = 80
5.3 New Patterns of Violence against Women = 85
5.4 New Opportunities to Prevent Violence = 89
5.5 Conclusions = 91
6. Women as Agents of Change = 93
6.1 Women as Political and Economic Leaders = 94
6.2 WomenOs Participation in the New Civil Societies = 100
6.3 Building Blocks and Ladders to WomenOs Success = 104
6.4 Conclusions = 107
Statistical Annex = 109
Glossary = 145
Bibliographic Notes = 147
Bibliography = 153