Introduction = 1
I. Relevant International Legal Standards
A. International Humanitarian Law = 3
B. United Nations = 3
C. Regional organizations = 7
D. The International Criminal Court = 10
II. Relevant Ethical Codes
A. Ethics of the Legal Profession = 11
B. Health Care Ethics = 11
C. Principles Common to All Codes of Health Care Ethics = 13
D. Health Professionals with Dual Obligations = 14
III. Legal Investigations of Torture
A. Purposes of an Investigation into torture = 16
B. Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment = 16
C. Procedures of a Torture Investigation = 17
D. Commission of Inquiry = 21
IV. General Interview Considerations
A. Purpose of Inquiry, Examination and Documentation = 24
B. Procedural Safeguards with Respect to Detainees = 24
C. Official Visits to Detention Centres = 25
D. Techniques of Questioning = 26
E. Documenting the background = 26
F. Assessment of the background = 27
G. Review of Torture Methods = 28
H. Risk of Re-traumatization of the Interviewee = 28
I. Use of Interpreters = 29
J. Gender Issues = 29
K. Indications for Referral = 30
L. Interpretation of Findings and Conclusions = 30
V. Physical Evidence of Torture
A. Interview structure = 31
B. Medical History = 32
C. Physical Examination = 32
D. Examinations and Evaluations Following Specific Forms of Torture = 34
E. Specialised Diagnostic Tests = 42
VI. Psychological Evidence of Torture
A. General Considerations = 43
B. Psychological Consequences of Torture = 44
C. The Psychological/Psychiatric Evaluation = 47
ANNEXES
I. Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment = 57
II. Diagnostic Tests = 59
III.Anatomical Drawings for the Documentation of Torture = 62
IV.Guidelines for Medical Evaluations of Torture and Ill-Treatment = 70
I. Relevant International Legal Standards
A. International Humanitarian Law = 3
B. United Nations = 3
C. Regional organizations = 7
D. The International Criminal Court = 10
II. Relevant Ethical Codes
A. Ethics of the Legal Profession = 11
B. Health Care Ethics = 11
C. Principles Common to All Codes of Health Care Ethics = 13
D. Health Professionals with Dual Obligations = 14
III. Legal Investigations of Torture
A. Purposes of an Investigation into torture = 16
B. Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment = 16
C. Procedures of a Torture Investigation = 17
D. Commission of Inquiry = 21
IV. General Interview Considerations
A. Purpose of Inquiry, Examination and Documentation = 24
B. Procedural Safeguards with Respect to Detainees = 24
C. Official Visits to Detention Centres = 25
D. Techniques of Questioning = 26
E. Documenting the background = 26
F. Assessment of the background = 27
G. Review of Torture Methods = 28
H. Risk of Re-traumatization of the Interviewee = 28
I. Use of Interpreters = 29
J. Gender Issues = 29
K. Indications for Referral = 30
L. Interpretation of Findings and Conclusions = 30
V. Physical Evidence of Torture
A. Interview structure = 31
B. Medical History = 32
C. Physical Examination = 32
D. Examinations and Evaluations Following Specific Forms of Torture = 34
E. Specialised Diagnostic Tests = 42
VI. Psychological Evidence of Torture
A. General Considerations = 43
B. Psychological Consequences of Torture = 44
C. The Psychological/Psychiatric Evaluation = 47
ANNEXES
I. Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment = 57
II. Diagnostic Tests = 59
III.Anatomical Drawings for the Documentation of Torture = 62
IV.Guidelines for Medical Evaluations of Torture and Ill-Treatment = 70